| Nitric Oxide | NO2 Vsodilators
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1. What is Nitric Oxide and where does it come from?
Nitric Oxide is a free form gas that is produced in the body and is used by the
body to communicate with other cells in the body. To produce this gas, enzymes
in the body break down the amino acid Arginine.
Nitric Oxide is a molecule consisting of one atom of nitrogen and one atom of
oxygen. The production of Nitric Oxide occurs when the amino acid L-arginine is
converted into L-citruline through an enzyme group known as Nitric Oxide
Synthase (NOS). The chemical process of conversion is shown in figure 1.
2. What does Nitric Oxide do and what scientific studies give evidence to
support this?
Despite the claims of some in the supplement industry, there exists ample
scientific literature to substantiate the efficacy of Nitric Oxide products. The
following was written in May 1996 in a document prepared for the Royal Society
and Association of British Science Writers:
"Summary research papers continue to flood the scientific journals and insights
into the biological activity and potential clinical uses of nitric oxide (NO): a
gas controlling a seemingly limitless range of functions in the body. Each
revelation adds to nitric oxide's already lengthy resume in controlling the
circulation of the blood, regulating activities of the brain, lungs, liver,
kidneys, stomach and other organs.
The molecule governs blood pressure through a recently recognized process that
contradicts textbook wisdom. It causes penile erection by dilating blood vessels
and controls the action of almost every orifice from swallowing to defecation.
The immune system uses nitric oxide in fighting viral, bacterial and parasitic
infections, and tumors. Nitric oxide transmits messages between nerve cells and
is associated with the process of learning, memory, sleeping, feeling pain, and,
probably depression. It is a mediator in inflammation and rheumatism."
Since the above was written in 1996, Nitric Oxide containing products have
continued to be touted by those in the medical profession, as well as by
athletes looking to add muscle to their frames.
The above quotation states that Nitric Oxide controls the circulation of blood,
transmits messages between nerve cells, and is a mediator of inflammation and is
associated with the process of feeling pain. The popular erectile dysfunction
drug sildenafil citrate (Viagra) contains nitric oxide and is responsible for
increasing blood flow to the penis.
The fact that nitric oxide increases blood flow should make it of interest to
bodybuilders, as increased blood flow will serve to deliver more nutrients to
muscles, thus helping muscles become larger when subject to stress. The fact
that Nitric Oxide acts to reduce inflammation should also make it of interest to
bodybuilders as it has the potential to reduce the pain associated with
subjecting muscles to extreme stress.
Nitric oxide also affects the endocrine system. It affects the release of
gonadotroptin releasing hormone, as well as the release of adrenaline from the
adrenal medulla.
3. Who needs Nitric Oxide and what are some symptoms of deficiency?
Everyone REQUIRES nitric oxide to carry out key physiological processes within
the body. From a bodybuilder's perspective, nitric oxide supplementation may
prove useful in increasing growth due to increases in blood flow to certain
areas of the body. Further, men suffering from erectile dysfunction may also
find supplementing with nitric oxide helpful.
Signs of deficiency include the inability to achieve and sustain erections,
physical weakness and extreme fatigue. Most "nitric oxide" supplements contain
the amino acid Arginine-alpha-keto-glutarate.
4. How much Nitric Oxide should be taken? Are there any side effects?
With any amino acid containing product, overdose is a possibility. Dosing with
too much arginine can lead to diarrhea, weakness and nausea. Clear dosing
guidelines have not been established, so it is best to do what is known as
"tolerance mapping". Take a small dosage for one week, note the benefits and the
side effects, and increase the dosage until the benefits are maximized and the
side effects minimized. Over time the two will converge and you will hit the
optimal dose. This process is similar to "receptor mapping" for bodybuilders who
use insulin.
Many protein powders are fortified with amino acids, including arginine. With
this in mind, pay particular attention to how much arginine you are ingesting
from all supplements taken.
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